Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or cold laser therapy, is an emerging field that harnesses the power of light to stimulate cellular function and promote healing. This non-invasive and painless therapy has shown promise in various medical and wellness applications, ranging from wound healing to managing chronic pain.  At its core, photobiomodulation involves the use of low-level light, typically in the red or near-infrared spectrum, to stimulate cellular activity. This light is applied directly to the skin or tissue, penetrating the cells and triggering a cascade of biological responses. Unlike high-power lasers used in surgery, the low-level lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) used in PBM do not generate heat and are considered safe for therapeutic purposes.

The precise mechanisms by which photobiomodulation exerts its effects are complex and multifaceted. However, some key processes have been identified. One primary mechanism involves the absorption of light by cellular chromophores, such as cytochrome c oxidase, leading to increased cellular energy production in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This boost in energy can enhance cellular function and promote tissue repair.